Ozempic, a brand name for the medication semaglutide, is widely used to manage Type 2 diabetes. It belongs to a class of drugs known as GLP-1 receptor agonists, which work by mimicking the incretin hormone to stimulate insulin secretion, lower blood sugar, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.

Recently, Ozempic has also gained attention for its use in weight loss, although its primary purpose remains blood sugar control. But there’s more to consider. Despite its growing popularity, it comes with side effects that can affect day-to-day life and potentially lead to long-term health issues.

The good news is, by understanding these potential side effects—both the common and the rare—you can make informed decisions about your treatment. This article takes a closer look at Ozempic side effects, helping you recognize the warning signs and manage them effectively.

How Does Ozempic Works

Before diving into the side effects, it’s important to understand how Ozempic functions within the body. Ozempic is a once-weekly injectable medication that lowers blood glucose levels by increasing insulin secretion from the pancreas when blood sugar levels are high.

Additionally, it slows gastric emptying, making you feel full longer, which helps reduce caloric intake. These mechanisms not only manage blood sugar levels but can also contribute to weight loss. However, because the drug affects several parts of the digestive system, many of its side effects are gastrointestinal in nature.

Common Ozempic Side Effects

The most frequently reported side effects are typically mild to moderate and tend to resolve on their own after the body adjusts to the medication.

Nausea

Nausea is the most frequently reported side effect of Ozempic, with 20.3% of patients experiencing it during the SUSTAIN clinical trials. This occurs primarily due to the drug’s action of slowing gastric emptying, which can prolong digestion.

This side effect is particularly common during the early stages of treatment but typically subsides as the body adapts to the medication. In the SUSTAIN trials, the majority of patients who reported nausea saw a reduction in symptoms within 4-8 weeks of starting treatment.

Vomiting

Vomiting is less common than nausea but can still occur, especially when the dose is increased. Around 9% of patients in clinical trials reported vomiting as a side effect. It often happens as the body struggles to adjust to the drug, particularly in the initial stages or when transitioning to a higher dose.

To manage this, it’s encouraged to stay hydrated and eat smaller, more frequent meals. In most cases, vomiting subsides within a few weeks as the body becomes accustomed to the medication.

Diarrhea

Diarrhea, another gastrointestinal side effect, is experienced by about 8% of patients taking Ozempic. It usually occurs alongside nausea and vomiting, particularly when treatment begins or dosage is increased.

Research shows that most cases of diarrhea are mild and short-lived, resolving within the first few weeks of use. Studies also suggest that patients who experience diarrhea can often manage symptoms with dietary modifications, such as reducing the intake of high-fat foods.

Constipation

Constipation affects approximately 5-6% of patients using Ozempic. This occurs due to the drug’s effect on slowing gastrointestinal motility. Although constipation is typically mild, increasing dietary fiber and water intake can help alleviate the discomfort.

In clinical observations, constipation tends to improve as the patient continues treatment and the digestive system adapts to the slowed motility caused by the medication.

Stomach Pain

Around 5% of patients report stomach pain or discomfort while taking Ozempic. This is often linked to the gastrointestinal effects of the medication, such as delayed gastric emptying and gas buildup. Although these symptoms can be uncomfortable, they are generally short-lived and improve as the patient’s body adapts to the drug. In clinical trials, most patients experienced a significant reduction in stomach pain after the first few weeks of therapy.

These side effects are usually manageable and temporary, but it’s important to consult your healthcare provider if symptoms persist or worsen.

Less Common Side Effects of Ozempic

While the majority of Ozempic users experience only mild side effects, there are a number of less common side effects that may be more concerning or indicative of a more serious reaction. These include:

•     Fatigue: This may be due to the body adjusting to changes in blood sugar levels or other metabolic effects of the drug.

•     Indigestion: Also called dyspepsia, where patients may experience discomfort in the upper abdomen, bloating, or excessive gas.

•     Acid Reflux (GERD): Gastroesophageal reflux disease can be exacerbated by Ozempic, particularly in individuals prone to heartburn. This occurs because of the drug’s impact on digestion and the stomach’s delayed emptying.

•     Dizziness: Some users have reported feeling lightheaded or dizzy while on Ozempic. This may be due to fluctuations in blood sugar levels, especially if an individual experiences hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).

•     Loss of Appetite: Ozempic is known to suppress appetite, which can be beneficial for those using it for weight loss. However, in some cases, appetite suppression can be so strong that it leads to unintentional under-eating and associated health issues.

These less common Ozempic side effects should be closely monitored to prevent from developing to a more serious condition.

Serious Side Effects of Ozempic

Though rare, Ozempic can cause serious side effects that require immediate medical attention. These side effects can have significant health consequences if not promptly addressed.

Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis, or inflammation of the pancreas, is a potentially life-threatening condition that has been linked to GLP-1 receptor agonists like Ozempic. Symptoms of pancreatitis include:

•     Severe abdominal pain that radiates to the back
•     Nausea
•     Vomiting
•     Fever

Anyone experiencing these symptoms should stop using the medication and seek medical care immediately.

Gallbladder Issues

Ozempic has been associated with an increased risk of gallbladder problems, such as gallstones or cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder). Symptoms may include:

•     Severe abdominal pain
•     Fever
•     Nausea
•     Vomiting
•     Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes)

If gallbladder disease is suspected, discontinuation of Ozempic and medical intervention may be necessary.

Kidney Injury

Some patients taking Ozempic have experienced acute kidney injury, particularly if they were already at risk for kidney problems or became dehydrated due to vomiting or diarrhea. Symptoms of kidney injury include:

•     Reduced urine output
•     Swelling in the legs or ankles
•     Fatigue
•     Nausea and vomiting
•     Shortness of breath
•     Confusion or mental changes
•     Chest pain or pressure
•     High blood pressure

If kidney injury is suspected, it’s important to seek medical attention promptly to prevent further complications.

Allergic Reactions

Although uncommon, some individuals may experience an allergic reaction to Ozempic. Symptoms can include:

•     Rash
•     Itching
•     Difficulty breathing
•     Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat

If any signs of an allergic reaction occur, emergency medical care should be sought immediately.

Hypoglycemia

While Ozempic primarily helps lower blood sugar levels, it can cause hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), particularly when combined with other diabetes medications such as insulin or sulfonylureas.

Symptoms of hypoglycemia include:

•     Sweating
•     Dizziness
•     Confusion
•     Shakiness
•     Rapid heartbeat

It’s essential to monitor blood sugar levels and have a quick source of glucose on hand when taking Ozempic, especially if used in combination with other glucose-lowering drugs.

Long-Term Side Effects and Concerns of Ozempic

As Ozempic is a relatively new drug (approved by the FDA in 2017), there is still much to learn about its long-term side effects. However, some potential risks have already been identified.

Risk of Thyroid Tumors

One of the most concerning long-term risks associated with Ozempic is the potential for thyroid tumors, including medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). This risk was identified in animal studies, but it is unclear whether this risk extends to humans.

As a precaution, individuals with a personal or family history of MTC or Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2) should avoid using Ozempic.

Cardiovascular Effects

While Ozempic has been shown to reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events in patients with Type 2 diabetes, there is limited data on its long-term impact on heart health. Further studies are required to determine whether the cardiovascular benefits observed in clinical trials will translate into long-term positive outcomes for all users.

Who Should Avoid Ozempic?

Certain populations are advised to avoid Ozempic due to the heightened risk of severe side effects. These include:

•     Individuals with a history of pancreatitis: Due to the risk of recurrent episodes.
•     Patients with a history of thyroid cancer or MEN 2: As Ozempic may increase the risk of thyroid tumors.
•     People with severe gastrointestinal conditions: Such as gastroparesis, since the medication slows gastric emptying and may exacerbate these conditions.

Managing Ozempic Side Effects

For many people, the benefits of Ozempic outweigh the side effects. However, it’s essential to manage any adverse effects to ensure they do not interfere with daily life or overall health.

1. Diet Modifications: Eating smaller, more frequent meals can help reduce nausea and vomiting. Avoiding fatty or greasy foods may also alleviate digestive discomfort.

1. Staying Hydrated: For those experiencing vomiting or diarrhea, staying hydrated is critical to prevent dehydration, which can exacerbate kidney problems and fatigue.

1. Monitoring Blood Sugar: Regularly monitoring blood sugar levels is essential, especially for individuals at risk of hypoglycemia. Keeping a glucose source handy can help address any sudden drops in blood sugar levels.

1. Medication Adjustments: In some cases, lowering the dosage of Ozempic or adjusting the frequency of injections may help reduce side effects. Always consult with a healthcare provider before making any changes to medication regimens.

Takeaway

Ozempic is an effective medication for managing Type 2 diabetes and promoting weight loss, but it comes with potential side effects that should not be ignored. While many of Ozempic’s side effects are mild and temporary, there are more serious risks that require immediate attention.

Anyone considering Ozempic should discuss the potential risks and benefits with their healthcare provider to determine whether it is the right medication for them. With proper monitoring and management, many patients can use Ozempic safely and effectively to improve their health.

FAQs on Ozempic Side Effects

1. Can Ozempic cause weight loss?

Yes, Ozempic is known to promote weight loss by suppressing appetite and slowing gastric emptying.

2. Is nausea from Ozempic permanent?

No, nausea is usually temporary and tends to resolve as the body adjusts to the medication.

3. Can I drink alcohol while taking Ozempic?

Alcohol can affect blood sugar levels, so it’s essential to monitor your blood sugar closely if you choose to drink. Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice.

4. What should I do if I miss a dose?

If you miss a dose of Ozempic, take it as soon as you remember unless your next dose is due within 5 days. In that case, skip the missed dose and take the next one as scheduled.

5. Does Ozempic interact with other medications?

Ozempic can interact with other glucose-lowering drugs, increasing the risk of hypoglycemia. Always inform your doctor about all medications you are taking.

6. How long does it take for Ozempic to start working?

Ozempic may start lowering blood sugar levels within the first week, but it can take several weeks to experience its full benefits.